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列（Columns）

借助我们的 flexbox 网格系统，了解如何使用一些对齐、排序和偏移选项修改列。此外，请参阅如何使用列类来管理非网格元素的宽度。

当前页
抬头！ 在深入研究如何修改和自定义网格列之前，请务必先阅读网格页面。

它们是如何工作的

  • 列建立在网格的弹性框架构上。 Flexbox 意味着我们可以选择更改单个列和 [在行级别修改列组]（(/docs/5.3/layout/grid/#row-columns)。您可以选择列的增大、收缩或其他更改方式。

  • 构建网格布局时，所有内容都放在列中。 Bootstrap 网格的层次结构从 container 到行到列再到您的内容。在极少数情况下，您可能会将内容和列组合在一起，但请注意，可能会产生意想不到的后果。

  • Bootstrap 包括用于创建快速、响应式布局的预定义类。 通过 六个断点和每个网格层的十几列，我们已经为您构建了数十个类来创建所需的布局。如果您愿意，可以通过 Sass 禁用此功能。

对齐

使用弹性框对齐实用程序垂直和水平对齐列。

垂直对齐

使用任何响应式align-items-*类更改垂直对齐方式。

One of three columns
One of three columns
One of three columns
html 
<div class="container text-center">
  <div class="row align-items-start">
    <div class="col">
      One of three columns
    </div>
    <div class="col">
      One of three columns
    </div>
    <div class="col">
      One of three columns
    </div>
  </div>
</div>
One of three columns
One of three columns
One of three columns
html 
<div class="container text-center">
  <div class="row align-items-center">
    <div class="col">
      One of three columns
    </div>
    <div class="col">
      One of three columns
    </div>
    <div class="col">
      One of three columns
    </div>
  </div>
</div>
One of three columns
One of three columns
One of three columns
html 
<div class="container text-center">
  <div class="row align-items-end">
    <div class="col">
      One of three columns
    </div>
    <div class="col">
      One of three columns
    </div>
    <div class="col">
      One of three columns
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

或者，使用任何响应式.align-self-* 类单独更改每列的对齐方式。

One of three columns
One of three columns
One of three columns
html 
<div class="container text-center">
  <div class="row">
    <div class="col align-self-start">
      One of three columns
    </div>
    <div class="col align-self-center">
      One of three columns
    </div>
    <div class="col align-self-end">
      One of three columns
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

水平对齐

使用任何响应式justify-content-*类更改水平对齐方式。

One of two columns
One of two columns
One of two columns
One of two columns
One of two columns
One of two columns
One of two columns
One of two columns
One of two columns
One of two columns
One of two columns
One of two columns
html 
<div class="container text-center">
  <div class="row justify-content-start">
    <div class="col-4">
      One of two columns
    </div>
    <div class="col-4">
      One of two columns
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="row justify-content-center">
    <div class="col-4">
      One of two columns
    </div>
    <div class="col-4">
      One of two columns
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="row justify-content-end">
    <div class="col-4">
      One of two columns
    </div>
    <div class="col-4">
      One of two columns
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="row justify-content-around">
    <div class="col-4">
      One of two columns
    </div>
    <div class="col-4">
      One of two columns
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="row justify-content-between">
    <div class="col-4">
      One of two columns
    </div>
    <div class="col-4">
      One of two columns
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="row justify-content-evenly">
    <div class="col-4">
      One of two columns
    </div>
    <div class="col-4">
      One of two columns
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

列换行

如果在一行中放置了 12 列以上，则每组额外的列将作为一个单元换行到新行上。

.col-9
.col-4
Since 9 + 4 = 13 > 12, this 4-column-wide div gets wrapped onto a new line as one contiguous unit.
.col-6
Subsequent columns continue along the new line.
html 
<div class="container">
  <div class="row">
    <div class="col-9">.col-9</div>
    <div class="col-4">.col-4<br>Since 9 + 4 = 13 &gt; 12, this 4-column-wide div gets wrapped onto a new line as one contiguous unit.</div>
    <div class="col-6">.col-6<br>Subsequent columns continue along the new line.</div>
  </div>
</div>

分栏符

在flexbox中将列分解为新行需要一个小技巧：在要将列包装到新行的任何位置添加一个带有 width: 100%的元素。通常，这是通过多个.row完成的，但并非每种实现方法都可以解释这一点。

.col-6 .col-sm-3
.col-6 .col-sm-3
.col-6 .col-sm-3
.col-6 .col-sm-3
html 
<div class="container text-center">
  <div class="row">
    <div class="col-6 col-sm-3">.col-6 .col-sm-3</div>
    <div class="col-6 col-sm-3">.col-6 .col-sm-3</div>

    <!-- Force next columns to break to new line -->
    <div class="w-100"></div>

    <div class="col-6 col-sm-3">.col-6 .col-sm-3</div>
    <div class="col-6 col-sm-3">.col-6 .col-sm-3</div>
  </div>
</div>

您也可以使用我们的 响应式显示实用程序 在特定断点处应用此中断。

.col-6 .col-sm-4
.col-6 .col-sm-4
.col-6 .col-sm-4
.col-6 .col-sm-4
html 
<div class="container text-center">
  <div class="row">
    <div class="col-6 col-sm-4">.col-6 .col-sm-4</div>
    <div class="col-6 col-sm-4">.col-6 .col-sm-4</div>

    <!-- Force next columns to break to new line at md breakpoint and up -->
    <div class="w-100 d-none d-md-block"></div>

    <div class="col-6 col-sm-4">.col-6 .col-sm-4</div>
    <div class="col-6 col-sm-4">.col-6 .col-sm-4</div>
  </div>
</div>

重组

排序类

使用.order-类来控制内容的视觉顺序。这些类是响应式的，因此您可以通过断点设置order（例如，.order-1.order-md-2）。包括对所有六个网格层的1到5的支持。如果你需要更多的.order-* 类，你可以通过Sass变量修改默认数字。

First in DOM, no order applied
Second in DOM, with a larger order
Third in DOM, with an order of 1
html 
<div class="container text-center">
  <div class="row">
    <div class="col">
      First in DOM, no order applied
    </div>
    <div class="col order-5">
      Second in DOM, with a larger order
    </div>
    <div class="col order-1">
      Third in DOM, with an order of 1
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

还有响应式的.order-first和.order-last类，它们分别通过应用order: -1和order: 6来更改元素的order。这些类也可以根据需要与编号的.order-*类混合使用。

First in DOM, ordered last
Second in DOM, unordered
Third in DOM, ordered first
html 
<div class="container text-center">
  <div class="row">
    <div class="col order-last">
      First in DOM, ordered last
    </div>
    <div class="col">
      Second in DOM, unordered
    </div>
    <div class="col order-first">
      Third in DOM, ordered first
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

偏移列

您可以通过两种方式偏移网格列：我们的响应式.offset-网格类和我们的margin实用程序。网格类的大小与列匹配，而边距对于偏移宽度可变的快速布局更有用。

偏移类

使用.offset-md-*类向右移动列。这些类将列的左边距增加* 列。例如，.offset-md-4将.col-md-4移到四列上。

.col-md-4
.col-md-4 .offset-md-4
.col-md-3 .offset-md-3
.col-md-3 .offset-md-3
.col-md-6 .offset-md-3
html 
<div class="container text-center">
  <div class="row">
    <div class="col-md-4">.col-md-4</div>
    <div class="col-md-4 offset-md-4">.col-md-4 .offset-md-4</div>
  </div>
  <div class="row">
    <div class="col-md-3 offset-md-3">.col-md-3 .offset-md-3</div>
    <div class="col-md-3 offset-md-3">.col-md-3 .offset-md-3</div>
  </div>
  <div class="row">
    <div class="col-md-6 offset-md-3">.col-md-6 .offset-md-3</div>
  </div>
</div>

除了在响应断点处清除列之外，您可能还需要重置偏移量。在网格示例中看到此操作。

.col-sm-5 .col-md-6
.col-sm-5 .offset-sm-2 .col-md-6 .offset-md-0
.col-sm-6 .col-md-5 .col-lg-6
.col-sm-6 .col-md-5 .offset-md-2 .col-lg-6 .offset-lg-0
html 
<div class="container text-center">
  <div class="row">
    <div class="col-sm-5 col-md-6">.col-sm-5 .col-md-6</div>
    <div class="col-sm-5 offset-sm-2 col-md-6 offset-md-0">.col-sm-5 .offset-sm-2 .col-md-6 .offset-md-0</div>
  </div>
  <div class="row">
    <div class="col-sm-6 col-md-5 col-lg-6">.col-sm-6 .col-md-5 .col-lg-6</div>
    <div class="col-sm-6 col-md-5 offset-md-2 col-lg-6 offset-lg-0">.col-sm-6 .col-md-5 .offset-md-2 .col-lg-6 .offset-lg-0</div>
  </div>
</div>

边距 utilities

在 v4 中迁移到 flexbox 后，您可以使用边距实用程序（如.me-auto ）强制同级列彼此分开。

.col-md-4
.col-md-4 .ms-auto
.col-md-3 .ms-md-auto
.col-md-3 .ms-md-auto
.col-auto .me-auto
.col-auto
html 
<div class="container text-center">
  <div class="row">
    <div class="col-md-4">.col-md-4</div>
    <div class="col-md-4 ms-auto">.col-md-4 .ms-auto</div>
  </div>
  <div class="row">
    <div class="col-md-3 ms-md-auto">.col-md-3 .ms-md-auto</div>
    <div class="col-md-3 ms-md-auto">.col-md-3 .ms-md-auto</div>
  </div>
  <div class="row">
    <div class="col-auto me-auto">.col-auto .me-auto</div>
    <div class="col-auto">.col-auto</div>
  </div>
</div>

独立列类

.col-* 类也可以在.row 外部使用，以赋予元素特定的宽度。每当将列类用作行的非直接子级时，都会省略填充。

.col-3: width of 25%
.col-sm-9: width of 75% above sm breakpoint
html 
<div class="col-3 p-3 mb-2">
  .col-3: width of 25%
</div>

<div class="col-sm-9 p-3">
  .col-sm-9: width of 75% above sm breakpoint
</div>

这些类可以与实用程序一起使用，以创建响应式浮动图像。确保将内容包装在 ’.clearfix’ 包装器中，以便在文本较短时清除浮点数。

PlaceholderResponsive floated image

A paragraph of placeholder text. We're using it here to show the use of the clearfix class. We're adding quite a few meaningless phrases here to demonstrate how the columns interact here with the floated image.

As you can see the paragraphs gracefully wrap around the floated image. Now imagine how this would look with some actual content in here, rather than just this boring placeholder text that goes on and on, but actually conveys no tangible information at. It simply takes up space and should not really be read.

And yet, here you are, still persevering in reading this placeholder text, hoping for some more insights, or some hidden easter egg of content. A joke, perhaps. Unfortunately, there's none of that here.

html 
<div class="clearfix">
  <img src="..." class="col-md-6 float-md-end mb-3 ms-md-3" alt="...">

  <p>
    A paragraph of placeholder text. We're using it here to show the use of the clearfix class. We're adding quite a few meaningless phrases here to demonstrate how the columns interact here with the floated image.
  </p>

  <p>
    As you can see the paragraphs gracefully wrap around the floated image. Now imagine how this would look with some actual content in here, rather than just this boring placeholder text that goes on and on, but actually conveys no tangible information at. It simply takes up space and should not really be read.
  </p>

  <p>
    And yet, here you are, still persevering in reading this placeholder text, hoping for some more insights, or some hidden easter egg of content. A joke, perhaps. Unfortunately, there's none of that here.
  </p>
</div>